Luke Research / Expert - Larmola Tuula

A1 Journal article (refereed)

Kuhn, McKenzie A.; Varner, Ruth K.; McCalley, Carmody K.; Perryman, Clarice R.; Aurela, Mika; Burke, Sophia A.; Chanton, Jeffrey P.; Crill, Patrick M.; DelGreco, Jessica; Deng, Jia; Heffernan, Liam; Herrick, Christina; Hodgkins, Suzanne B.; Jones, Cheristy P.; Juutinen, Sari; Kane, Evan S.; Lamit, Louis J.; Larmola, Tuula; Lilleskov, Erik; Olefeldt, David; Palace, Michael W.; Rich, Virginia I.; Schulze, Christopher; Shorter, Joanne H.; Sullivan, Franklin B.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Turetsky, Merritt R.; Waldrop, Mark P. 2024. Controls on Stable Methane Isotope Values in Northern Peatlands and Potential Shifts in Values Under Permafrost Thaw Scenarios. Journal of geophysical research : biogeosciences 129 7: 17 p.

Lång, Kristiina; Honkanen, Henri; Heikkinen, Jaakko; Saarnio, Sanna; Larmola, Tuula; Kekkonen, Hanna. 2024. Impact of crop type on the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of a rewetted cultivated peatland. SOIL 10 2: 827-841.

Osborne, Chetwynd; Gilbert-Parkes, Spencer; Spiers, Graeme; Lamit, Louis James; Lilleskov, Erik A.; Basiliko, Nathan; Watmough, Shaun; Andersen, Roxanne; Artz, Rebekka E.; Benscoter, Brian W.; Bragazza, Luca; Bräuer, Suzanna L.; Carson, Michael A.; Chen, Xin; Chimner, Rodney A.; Clarkson, Bev R.; Enriquez, Andrea S.; Grover, Samantha P.; Harris, Lorna I.; Hazard, Christina; Hribljan, John; Juutinen, Sari; Kane, Evan S.; Knorr, Klaus-Holger; Kolka, Randy; Laine, Anna M.; Larmola, Tuula; McCalley, Carmody K.; McLaughlin, Jim; Moore, Tim R.; Mykytczuk, Nadia; Normand, Anna E.; Olefeldt, David; Rich, Virginia; Roulet, Nigel; Rupp, Danielle L.; Rutherford, Jasmine; Schadt, Christopher W.; Sonnentag, Oliver; Tedersoo, Leho; Trettin, Carl C.; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Turetsky, Merritt; Urbanová, Zuzana; Varner, Ruth K.; Waldrop, Mark P.; Wang, Meng; Wang, Zheng; Wiedermann, Magdalena M.; Williams, Shanay T.; Yavitt, Joseph B.; Yu, Zhi-Guo. 2024. Global Patterns of Metal and Other Element Enrichment in Bog and Fen Peatlands. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 86 2: 125-139.

Turunen, Jukka; Anttila, Jani; Laine, Anna M.; Ovaskainen, Juha; Laatikainen, Matti; Alm, Jukka; Larmola, Tuula. 2024. Impacts of forestry drainage on surface peat stoichiometry and physical properties in boreal peatlands in Finland. Biogeochemistry 167: 589-608.

Wang, Meng; Lamit, Louis J.; Lilleskov, Erik A.; Basiliko, Nathan; Moore, Tim R.; Bubier, Jill L.; Guo, Galen; Juutinen, Sari; Larmola, Tuula. 2024. Peatland Fungal Community Responses to Nutrient Enrichment: A Story Beyond Nitrogen. Global change biology 30 11: 16 p.

Minasny, Budiman; Adetsu, Diana Vigah; Aitkenhead, Matt; Artz, Rebekka R. E.; Baggaley, Nikki; Barthelmes, Alexandra; Beucher, Amélie; Caron, Jean; Conchedda, Giulia; Connolly, John; Deragon, Raphaël; Evans, Chris; Fadnes, Kjetil; Fiantis, Dian; Gagkas, Zisis; Gilet, Louis; Gimona, Alessandro; Glatzel, Stephan; Greve, Mogens H.; Habib, Wahaj; Hergoualc’h, Kristell; Hermansen, Cecilie; Kidd, Darren B.; Koganti, Triven; Kopansky, Dianna; Large, David J.; Larmola, Tuula; Lilly, Allan; Liu, Haojie; Marcus, Matthew; Middleton, Maarit; Morrison, Keith; Petersen, Rasmus Jes; Quaife, Tristan; Rochefort, Line; Rudiyanto, undefined; Toca, Linda; Tubiello, Francesco N.; Weber, Peter Lystbæk; Weldon, Simon; Widyatmanti, Wirastuti; Williamson, Jenny; Zak, Dominik. 2023. Mapping and monitoring peatland conditions from global to field scale. Biogeochemistry:

Rissanen, Antti J.; Ojanen, Paavo; Stenberg, Leena; Larmola, Tuula; Anttila, Jani; Tuominen, Sakari; Minkkinen, Kari; Koskinen, Markku; Mäkipää, Raisa. 2023. Vegetation impacts ditch methane emissions from boreal forestry-drained peatlands—Moss-free ditches have an order-of-magnitude higher emissions than moss-covered ditches. Frontiers in Environmental Science 11: 16 p.

Shao, Siya; Wu, Jianghua; He, Hongxing; Moore, Tim R.; Bubier, Jill; Larmola, Tuula; Juutinen, Sari; Roulet, Nigel T. 2022. Ericoid mycorrhizal fungi mediate the response of ombrotrophic peatlands to fertilization: a modeling study. New Phytologist:

Verbeke, Brittany A.; Lamit, Louis J.; Lilleskov, Erik A.; Hodgkins, Suzanne B.; Basiliko, Nathan; Kane, Evan S.; Andersen, Roxane; Artz, Rebekka R. E.; Benavides, Juan C.; Benscoter, Brian W.; Borken, Werner; Bragazza, Luca; Brandt, Stefani M.; Bräuer, Suzanna L.; Carson, Michael A.; Charman, Dan; Chen, Xin; Clarkson, Beverley R.; Cobb, Alexander R.; Convey, Peter; Pasquel, Jhon del Águila; Enriquez, Andrea S.; Griffiths, Howard; Grover, Samantha P.; Harvey, Charles F.; Harris, Lorna I.; Hazard, Christina; Hodgson, Dominic; Hoyt, Alison M.; Hribljan, John; Jauhiainen, Jyrki; Juutinen, Sari; Knorr, Klaus‐Holger; Kolka, Randall K.; Könönen, Mari; Larmola, Tuula; McCalley, Carmody K.; McLaughlin, James; Moore, Tim R.; Mykytczuk, Nadia; Normand, Anna E.; Rich, Virginia; Roulet, Nigel; Royles, Jessica; Rutherford, Jasmine; Smith, David S.; Svenning, Mette M.; Tedersoo, Leho; Thu, Pham Q.; Trettin, Carl C.; Tuittila, Eeva‐Stiina; Urbanová, Zuzana; Varner, Ruth K.; Wang, Meng; Wang, Zheng; Warren, Matt; Wiedermann, Magdalena M.; Williams, Shanay; Yavitt, Joseph B.; Yu, Zhi‐Guo; Yu, Zicheng; Chanton, Jeffrey P. 2022. Latitude, Elevation, and Mean Annual Temperature Predict Peat Organic Matter Chemistry at a Global Scale. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 36 2: 17 p.

Watmough, Shaun; Gilbert-Parkes, Spencer; Basiliko, Nathan; Lamit, Louis J.; Lilleskov, Erik A.; Andersen, Roxanne; del Aguila-Pasquel, Jhon; Artz, Rebekka E.; Benscoter, Brian W.; Borken, Werner; Bragazza, Luca; Brandt, Stefani M.; Bräuer, Suzanna L.; Carson, Michael A.; Chen, Xin; Chimner, Rodney A.; Clarkson, Bev R.; Cobb, Alexander R.; Enriquez, Andrea S.; Farmer, Jenny; Grover, Samantha P.; Harvey, Charles F.; Harris, Lorna I.; Hazard, Christina; Hoyt, Alison M.; Hribljan, John; Jauhiainen, Jyrki; Juutinen, Sari; Kane, Evan S.; Knorr, Klaus-Holger; Kolka, Randy; Könönen, Mari; Laine, Anna M.; Larmola, Tuula; Levasseur, Patrick A.; McCalley, Carmody K.; McLaughlin, Jim; Moore, Tim R.; Mykytczuk, Nadia; Normand, Anna E.; Rich, Virginia; Robinson, Bryce; Rupp, Danielle L.; Rutherford, Jasmine; Schadt, Christopher W.; Smith, Dave S.; Spiers, Graeme; Tedersoo, Leho; Thu, Pham Q.; Trettin, Carl C.; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Turetsky, Merritt; Urbanová, Zuzana; Varner, Ruth K.; Waldrop, Mark P.; Wang, Meng; Wang, Zheng; Warren, Matt; Wiedermann, Magdalena M.; Williams, Shanay T.; Yavitt, Joseph B.; Yu, Zhi-Guo; Zahn, Geoff. 2022. Variation in carbon and nitrogen concentrations among peatland categories at the global scale. PLOS ONE 17 11: 15 p.

Loisel, J.; Gallego-Sala, A. V.; Amesbury, M. J.; Magnan, G.; Anshari, G.; Beilman, D. W.; Benavides, J. C.; Blewett, J.; Camill, P.; Charman, D. J.; Chawchai, S.; Hedgpeth, A.; Kleinen, T.; Korhola, A.; Large, D.; Mansilla, C. A.; Müller, J.; van Bellen, S.; West, J. B.; Yu, Z.; Bubier, J. L.; Garneau, M.; Moore, T.; Sannel, A. B. K.; Page, S.; Väliranta, M.; Bechtold, M.; Brovkin, V.; Cole, L. E. S.; Chanton, J. P.; Christensen, T. R.; Davies, M. A.; De Vleeschouwer, F.; Finkelstein, S. A.; Frolking, S.; Gałka, M.; Gandois, L.; Girkin, N.; Harris, L. I.; Heinemeyer, A.; Hoyt, A. M.; Jones, M. C.; Joos, F.; Juutinen, S.; Kaiser, K.; Lacourse, T.; Lamentowicz, M.; Larmola, T.; Leifeld, J.; Lohila, A.; Milner, A. M.; Minkkinen, K.; Moss, P.; Naafs, B. D. A.; Nichols, J.; O’Donnell, J.; Payne, R.; Philben, M.; Piilo, S.; Quillet, A.; Ratnayake, A. S.; Roland, T. P.; Sjögersten, S.; Sonnentag, O.; Swindles, G. T.; Swinnen, W.; Talbot, J.; Treat, C.; Valach, A. C.; Wu, J. 2021. Expert assessment of future vulnerability of the global peatland carbon sink. Nature climate change 11 1: 70-77.

Vesala, Risto; Kiheri, Heikki; Hobbie, Erik A.; van Dijk, Netty; Dise, Nancy; Larmola, Tuula. 2021. Atmospheric nitrogen enrichment changes nutrient stoichiometry and reduces fungal N supply to peatland ericoid mycorrhizal shrubs. Science of the total environment 794: 10 p.

Adamczyk, Sylwia; Larmola, Tuula; Peltoniemi, Krista; Laiho, Raija; Näsholm, Torgny; Adamczyk, Bartosz. 2020. An optimized method for studying fungal biomass and necromass in peatlands via chitin concentration. Soil biology and biochemistry 149: 4 p.

Kiheri, Heikki; Velmala, Sannakajsa; Pennanen, Taina; Timonen, Sari; Sietiö, Outi-Maaria; Fritze, Hannu; Heinonsalo, Jussi; van Dijk, Netty; Dise, Nancy; Larmola, Tuula. 2020. Fungal colonization patterns and enzymatic activities of peatland ericaceous plants following long-term nutrient addition. Soil biology and biochemistry 147: 11 p.

Straková, Petra; Larmola, Tuula; Andrés, Javier; Ilola, Noora; Launiainen, Piia; Edwards, Keith; Minkkinen, Kari; Laiho, Raija. 2020. Quantification of Plant Root Species Composition in Peatlands Using FTIR Spectroscopy. Frontiers in Plant Science 11: 22 p.

Kortelainen, Pirkko; Larmola, Tuula; Rantakari, Miitta; Juutinen, Sari; Alm, Jukka; Martikainen, Pertti J. 2019. Lakes as nitrous oxide sources in the boreal landscape. Global Change Biology:

Juutinen, Sari; Moore, Tim R.; Bibier, Jill L.; Arnkil, Sini; Humphreys, Elyn; Marincak, Brenden; Roy, Cameron; Larmola, Tuula. 2018. Long-term nutrient addition increased CH4 emission from a bog through direct and indirect effects. Scientific Reports 2018 8:

Raivonen, Maarit; Smolander, Sampo; Backman, Leif; Susiluoto, Jouni; Aalto, Tuula; Markkanen, Tiina; Mäkelä, Jarmo; Rinne, Janne; Peltola, Olli; Aurela, Mika; Lohila, Annalea; Tomasic, Marin; Li, Xuefei; Larmola, Tuula; Juutinen, Sari; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Heimann, Martin; Sevanto, Sanna; Kleinen, Thomas; Brovkin, Victor; Vesala, Tuni. 2017. HIMMELI v1.0: HelsinkI Model of MEthane buiLd-up and emIssion for peatlands. Geoscientific Model Development 10 12: 4665-4691.

Wang, Meng; Larmola, Tuula; Murphy, Meaghan T.; Moore, Tim R.; Bubier, Jill L. 2016. Stoichiometric response of shrubs and mosses to long-term nutrient (N, P and K) addition in an ombrotrophic peatland. Plant and Soil 400 1-2: 403-416.

Putkinen, A., Larmola, T., Tuomivirta, T., Siljanen, H.M.P., Bodrossy, L., Tuittila, E.-S. & Fritze, H. 2014. Peatland succession induces a shift in the community composition of Sphagnum-associated active methanotrophs. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 88(3): 596-611.

A2 Review article in a scientific journal (refereed)

Gios, Emilie; Verbruggen, Erik; Audet, Joachim; Burns, Rachel; Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus; Espenberg, Mikk; Fritz, Christian; Glatzel, Stephan; Jurasinski, Gerald; Larmola, Tuula; Mander, Ülo; Nielsen, Claudia; Rodriguez, Andres F.; Scheer, Clemens; Zak, Dominik; Silvennoinen, Hanna M. 2024. Unraveling microbial processes involved in carbon and nitrogen cycling and greenhouse gas emissions in rewetted peatlands by molecular biology. Biogeochemistry 167: 609-629.

Bianchi, Andrea; Larmola, Tuula; Kekkonen, Hanna; Saarnio, Sanna; Lång, Kristiina. 2021. Review of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Rewetted Agricultural Soils. Wetlands 41 8: 7 p.

A3 Part of a book or another research book (refereed)

Tanneberger, Franziska; Larmola, Tuula; Sirin, Andrey; Arias-Navarro, Cristina; Farrell, Catherine; Glatzel, Stephan; Kozulin, Aleksandr; Laerke, Poul-Erik; Leifeld, Jens; Mäkipää, Raisa; Minayeva, Tatiana; Moen, Asbjørn; Oskarsson, Hlynur; Pakalne, Mara; Sendžikaitė, Jūratė. 2022. Global Peatlands Assessment: Regional Assessment for Europe. In: Global Peatlands Assessment: The State of the World’s Peatlands: Evidence for action toward the conservationrestorationand sustainable management of peatlands. United Nations Environment Programme. 123-154.

B1 Article in a scientific magazine (non-refereed)

Stocker, Benjamin D.; Prentice, I. Colin; Cornell, Sarah E.; Davies-Barnard, Taraka; Finzi, Adrien C.; Franklin, Oskar; Janssens, Ivan; Larmola, Tuula; Manzoni, Stefano; Näsholm, Torgny; Raven, John A.; Rebel, Karin T.; Reed, Sasha; Vicca, Sara; Wiltshire, Andy; Zaehle, Sönke. 2016. Terrestrial nitrogen cycling in Earth system models revisited. New Phytologist 210 4: 1165-1168.

D1 Article in a trade journal

Larmola, Tuula. 2024. Peatlands in Focus at the 14th European Conference on Ecological Restoration. Peatlands international 2024 3: 26-28.

Näkkilä, Juha; Miettinen, Antti; Larmola, Tuula. 2023. Tester med rörflen och vass som odlingsunderlag för gurka. Trädgårdsnytt 77 6-7: 16-17.

Larmola, Tuula. 2022. Kosteikkoviljelyllä ilmaston kannalta kestävä ratkaisu kasvualustatuotantoon. Luomulehti 3/2022: 42-43.

Näkkilä, Juha; Miettinen, Antti; Larmola, Tuula. 2022. Kasvualustaa pelloilta ja rannoilta. Puutarha & kauppa 26 17: 12-13.

D2 Article in professional manuals or guides or professional information systems or text book material

Korhonen, Kari T.; Koskela, Terhi; Kuusela, Saija; Lehtonen, Heikki; Räty, Minna; Lier, Markus; Liu, Xing; Aapala, Kaisu; Annala, Mari; Härkönen, Laura H.; Kuoppala, Minna; Kurttila, Mikko; Knuuttila, Marja; Laturi, Jani; Larmola, Tuula; Mutanen, Antti; Ryttäri, Terhi; Syrjänen, Kimmo; Viitala, Esa-Jussi; Kärkkäinen, Leena. 2021. 3. Tulokset luonnonsuojelun päätavoitteiden osalta. In: Arvio EU:n biodiversiteettistrategian 2030 vaikutuksista Suomessa. Luonnonvara- ja biotalouden tutkimus 75/2021: 15-78.

D4 Published development or research report or study

Larmola, Tuula; Saarnio, Sanna; Miettinen, Antti; Näkkilä, Juha; Karvonen, Jaakko; Lång, Kristiina; Turunen, Aimo. 2023. Kosteikkoviljelyllä ilmaston kannalta kestävä ratkaisu kasvualustatuotantoon. Luonnonvara- ja biotalouden tutkimus 106/2023: 45 s.

Larmola, Tuula; Tähtikarhu, Mika; Ruuhijärvi, Jukka; Piirainen, Sirpa; Louhi, Pauliina; Järvenranta, Kirsi; Usva, Kirsi; Ukonmaanaho, Liisa. 2022. Maankäytön vesistökuormitus ja sen vaikutukset vesiekosysteemeihin – katsaus käynnissä olevaan tutkimukseen ja tietotarpeisiin : Innovative Land-Water Interfaces. Luonnonvara- ja biotalouden tutkimus 82/2022: 60 s.

Lång, Kristiina; Aro, Lasse; Assmuth, Aino; Haltia, Emmi; Hellsten, Seppo; Larmola, Tuula; Lempinen, Hanna; Lindfors, Lauri; Lohila, Annalea; Miettinen, Antti; Minkkinen, Kari; Nieminen, Mika; Ollikainen, Markku; Ojanen, Paavo; Sarkkola, Sakari; Sorvali, Jaana; Seppälä, Jyri; Tolvanen, Anne; Vainio, Annukka; Wall, Antti; Vesala, Timo. 2022. Turvemaiden käytön vaihtoehdot hiilineutraalissa Suomessa. Suomen ilmastopaneelin raportti 2/2022:

I1 Audiovisual material

Näkkilä, Juha; Lindeman, Jari; Kavander, Minna; Larmola, Tuula. 2022. Järviruo'on ja ruokohelven käyttö kasvualustana. Luonnonvarakeskus

Näkkilä, Juha; Lindeman, Jari; Larmola, Tuula. 2022. Hiekkalaatikolla mitataan kasvualustan ominaisuuksia. Luonnonvarakeskus

M2 Presentation or poster

Antila, Jani; Bubier, Jill; Humphreys, Elyn; Juutinen, Sari; Moore, Tim; Larmola, Tuula. 2018. Ombrotrofisen suon hiilidioksidivirrat 17 vuoden lannoituksen jälkeen. In: Suopäivä 2018 : abstraktikirja. Suoseura. p. 51.

Fritze, Hannu; Larmola, Tuula; Tuomivirta, Tero; Putkinen, Anuliina. 2018. Importance of methanotrophy in the C and N cycle. In: 3rd Conference on Ecology of Soil Microorganisms / eds. Krista Kettunen & Oili Kiikkilä. Natural resources and bioeconomy studies 29/2018: p. 29.

Kiheri, Heikki; Velmala, Sannakajsa; Pennanen, Taina; Timonen, Sari; Sietiö, Outi-Maaria; Heinonsalo, Jussi; van Dijk, Netty; Dise, Nancy; Fritze, Hannu; Larmola, Tuula. 2018. Effects of 15 Years of Nutrient Addition on Ericoid Mycorrhizal Colonization at Whim Bog. In: 3rd Conference on Ecology of Soil Microorganisms / eds. Krista Kettunen & Oili Kiikkilä. Natural resources and bioeconomy studies 29/2018: p. 133.

Kiheri, Heikki; Velmala, Sannakajsa; Pennanen, Taina; Timonen, Sari; Sietiö, Outi-Maaria; Heinonsalo, Jussi; van Dijk, Netty; Dise, Nancy; Fritze, Hannu; Larmola, Tuula. 2018. Pitkäaikaisen typpilannoituksen vaikutukset varpujen sienijuuriin karulla Whim-suolla. In: Suopäivä 2018 : abstraktikirja. Suoseura. p. 48.

Larmola, Tuula; Kiheri, Heikki; Bubier, Jill L.; van Dijk, Netty; Dise, Nancy; Hobbie, Erik A.; Moore, Tim R.; Pennanen, Taina; Timonen, Sari. 2018. Do foliar 15N patterns indicate shifts in mycorrhizal abundance and function under nutrient load? In: 3rd Conference on Ecology of Soil Microorganisms / eds. Krista Kettunen & Oili Kiikkilä. Natural resources and bioeconomy studies 29/2018: p. 139.

Larmola, Tuula; Kiheri, Heikki; Bubier, Jill L.; van Dijk, Netty; Dise, Nancy; Hobbie, Erik A.; Moore, Tim R.; Pennanen, Taina; Timonen, Sari. 2018. Do foliar δ15N patterns indicate shifts in the mycorrhizal abundance and function under nutrient load? Geophysical Research Abstracts 20: 1 p.

Larmola, Tuula; Kiheri, Heikki; Fritze, Hannu; Laiho, Raija; Pennanen, Taina; Hobbie, Erik A.; Bubier, Jill L.; van Dijk, Netty; Dise, Nancy; Moore, Tim R.; Nilsson, Mats B.; Talbot, Julie. 2017. Typpilaskeuman vaikutus soiden hiilen sidontaan ja ravinnekiertoon: varpu-sieni vuorovaikutuksen merkitys. In: Maaperä kiertotalouden perustana : IX Maaperätieteiden päivien abstraktit / Toim. J. Leppälammi-Kujansuu, T. Pennanen, K. Rankinen, T. Salo, H. Soinne ja P. Hänninen. Pro Terra 71: p. 57.

Arnkil, Sini; Juutinen, Sari; Larmola, Tuula; Bubier, Jill; Humphreys, Elyn; Moore, Tim. 2016. Lisääkö typpilaskeuma ombrotrofisen suon metaanipäästöjä? In: Suot biotalouden maailmassasuopäivä 2.2.2016Helsinki : Tiivistelmätesitelmät ja posterit. Suoseura. 1 p.

Juutinen, Sari; Bubier, Jill; Larmola, Tuula; Humphreys, Elyn; Arnkil, Sini; Roy, Cameron; Moore, Tim. 2016. Nutrient load can lead to enhanced CH4 fluxes through changes in vegetation, peat surface elevation and water table depth in ombrotrophic bog. Geophysical Research Abstracts 18: 1 p.

Larmola, Tuula; Bui, Vi; Bubier, Jill L.; Wang, Meng; Murphy, Meaghan; Moore, Tim R. 2016. Evergreen shrub traits peatland carbon cycling under high nutrient load. Geophysical Research Abstracts 18: 1 p.

Larmola, Tuula; Leppänen, Sanna M.; Tuittila, Eeva-Stiina; Aarva, Maija; Merilä, Päivi; Fritze, Hannu; Tiirola, Marja. 2016. Methanotrophs contribute to peatland nitrogen. Geophysical Research Abstracts 18: 1 p.

Larmola, Tuula; Nieminen, Mika; Laurén, Ari; Sarkkola, Sakari; Lehtonen, Aleksi. 2015. Kunnostusojituksen vaikutus metsäojitettujen turvemaiden maaperän hiilivarastoon. In: Metsien kestävä käyttö biotalouden aikana. Suomen Metsätieteellinen Seura. p. 9.